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Immunotherapy – Robert Harris' research group
We aim to apply novel therapies derived from experimental studies into the human clinical setting.
Part of the Department of Clinical Neuroscience
News highlights
Photo: N/A.Professor Robert Harris made honorary doctorate
Professor Robert A. Harris is made honorary doctorate at the Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMF) Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The honour is given in recognition of Bob Harris’ exceptional contributions to the development of the university, especially in the context of the European University Alliance NeurotechEU project
Photo: Nilla KarlssonDissertation Keying Zhu, May 17 2023
Keying Zhu defended his thesis on May 17 2023.
Title: Deciphering and fine-tuning myeloid cells in CNS demyelinating conditions
Research Highlights
Perivascular fibroblast cells contribute to ALS neurodegeneration
Team leader Sebastian Lewandowski led a study that identified a rare brain cell type called ’perivascular fibroblast’ that becomes activated in early, asymptomatic stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These fibroblasts remodel the structure of brain vessels by depositing the COL6A1 and SPP1 proteins. These protein biomarkers in ALS patient plasma indicate short survival with stronger effects than the classical neurofilament biomarkers.
Photo: Grafik: Sebastian Lewandowski.
Månberg A, Skene N, Sanders F, Trusohamn M, Remnestål J, Szczepińska A, Aksoylu IS, Lönnerberg P, Ebarasi L, Wouters S, Lehmann M, Olofsson J, Von Gohren Antequera I, Domaniku A, De Schaepdryver M, De Vocht J, Poesen K, Uhlén M, Anink J, Mijnsbergen C, Vergunst-Bosch H, Hübers A, Kläppe U, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Gilthorpe JD, Hedlund E, Harris RA, Aronica E, Van Damme P, Ludolph A, Veldink J, Ingre C, Nilsson P, Lewandowski SA.
Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset. Nature Medicine 2021 27:640–646
A new therapeutic target for modulating the harmful effects of demyelination
By employing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, PhD student Keying Zhu revealed that microglial function is highly affected in terms of the functional activity of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Global activation of TRPV1 drives microglia to a demyelinating state and enhances microglial phagocytosis. TRPV1 is thus a candidate target for immunotherapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Jinxian Sun, Ke-ing Zhu, Yumeng Wang, Dan-ie Wang, Mi-zhen Zhang, Heela Sarlus, Irene Benito-Cuesta, Xiaoqiang Zhao, Zaofeng Zou, Qingyang Zhong, Yi Feng, Shuai Wu, Yanqing Wang, Robert A Harris, Jun Wang. Activation of TRPV1 receptor facilitates myelin repair following demyelination via the regulation of microglial function. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 44 (4), 766-779
Specifically inhibiting microglial activation reduces neuroinflammation:
PhD student Keying Zhu devised and conducted this project, in which he developed a new form of immunotherapy. Through drug screening of pre-existing drugs, Keying identified Topetecan as an inhibitor of Topisomerase 1, and proved this protein had a role in neuroinflammation. Myeloid-specific TOP1 inhibition using TopoGami significantly suppresses the inflammatory response in microglia and mitigates MS-like disease progression.
Zhu K, Wang Y, Sarlus H, Geng K, Nutma E, Sun J, Kung SY, Bay C, Han J, Min JH, Benito-Cuesta I, Lund H, Amor S, Wang J, Zhang XM, Kutter C, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Högberg B, Harris RA. Myeloid cell-specific topoisomerase 1 inhibition using DNA origami mitigates neuroinflammation. EMBO Rep. 2022 23(7):e54499.
Understanding CNS niche occupancy by microglia and macrophages in health and disease:
In the first of two studies led by PhD student Harald Lund we developed a novel model of microglia depletion using diptheria toxin expressed under the CX3CR1 receptor, which is highly expressed by microglia. The CNS did not allow the permanent depletion of its myeloid cells, and thus blood-circulating monocytes were accepted into the empty niche and adapted to the new environment. The characterization of this process was described in the first Nature Communications paper. We then depleted TGFbeta receptor signaling on the infiltrating monocytes, and this led to development of a novel neurodegenerative disease state that we characterised in the second Nature Immunology paper.
Nature
Lund H, Pieber M, Parsa R, Han J, Grommisch D, Ewing E, Kular L, Needhamsen M, Butovsky O, Jagodic M, Zhang X-M, Harris RA: Competitive repopulation of an empty microglial niche gives rise to functionally distinct subsets of microglia-like cells. Nature Communications 2018 9:4845
Lund H, Pieber M, Parsa R, Grommisch D, Ewing E, Kular L, Han J, Zhu K, Nijsen J, Hedlund E, Needhamsen M, Ruhrmann S, Ortlieb Guerreiro Cacais A, Berglund R, Forteza MJ, Ketelhuth DFJ, Butovsky O, Jagodic M, Zhang X-M, Harris RA: Fatal demyelinating disease is induced by monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of TGF-β signaling. Nature Immunology 2018;19:1-7
The consequences of post-translational modifications for autoantigens:
In the first of these 3 studies led by PhD student Andreas Warnecke he devised, wrote a script for and further developed a programme for visualising the 3-d form of post-translationally modified proteins using known structures, a resource which is openly available online.
PyTMs
Warnecke A, Sandalova T, Achour A, Harris RA: PyTMs: A useful PyMOL plugin for modeling common post-translational modifications. BMC Bioinformatics 2014;15:370
In subsequent studies Andreas determined that the functional consequences of PTM modification of autioantigens determined the molecular interactions with myeloid cells, and that the immunological outcome was MHC-dependent:
Nit
Warnecke A, Musunuri S, N'diaye M, Sandalova T, Achour A, Bergquist J, Harris RA: Nitration of MOG diminishes its encephalitogenicity depending on MHC haplotype. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2017;303:1-12
Warnecke A, Abele S, Musunuri S, Bergquist J, Harris RA: Scavenger Receptor A mediates the clearance and immunological screening of MDA-modified antigen by M2 type macrophages. NeuroMolecular Medicine 2017;9:463-479
Immunosuppressive macrophage cell therapy modulates development of autoimmune disease:
In a series of studies we developed a robust protocol for induction of potently immunosuppressive macrophages that form the foundation of our concept of myeloid cell therapy.
In the first of these studies PhD student Roham Parsa demonstrated a significant prevention of development of Type 1 diabetes following macrophage cell therapy. The effect was even more dramatic considering that the therapy was initiated directly before disease onset, a timepoint proven difficult to immunomodulate in most other therapy studies in the NOD Type 1 Diabetes model:
Diabetes
Parsa R, Andresen P, Gillett A, Mia S, Zhang X-M, Mayans S, Holmberg D, Harris RA: Adoptive Transfer of Immunomodulatory M2 Macrophages Prevents Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2012;61:2881-92
Postdoc Xingmei Zhang conducted a similar study in a model of neuroinflammation, and likewise could demonstrate a significant reduction in development of paralytic disease, even when the therapy was initiated during the chronic disease phase, a timepoint again difficult to modulate in previous attempts by other research groups:
Glia
Zhang X-M, Lund H, Mia S, Parsa R & Harris RA: Adoptive transfer of cytokine-induced immunomodulatory adult microglia attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DBA/1 mice. Glia 2014;62:5 804-817
Importantly, PhD student Sohel Mia could then use the same stimulation protocol to prove that human macrophages from autoimmune patients were efficient at inhibiting their own pathogenic T cells in in vitro assays, providing a translational proof-of-concept.
Mia, S, Warnecke A, Zhang X-M, Harris RA: An optimized protocol for human M2 macrophages using M-CSF and IL-4/IL-10/TGF-β yields a dominant immunosuppressive phenotype. Scandanavian Journal Immunology 2014;79:305-14
One of the hallmark cytokines produced by the immunosuppressive macrophages is TGFβ, and the importance of this cytokine in maintaining cellular homeostasis was exemplified in PhD student Roham Parsa's study which revealed a worsening of neuroinflammation in the absence of TGFβ signaling:
TGFb
Parsa R, Lund H, Tosevski I, Zhang XM, Malipiero U, Beckervordersandforth J, Merkler D, Prinz M, Gyllenberg A, James T, Warnecke A, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Kockum I, Olsson T, Fontana A, Suter T, Harris RA: TGFβ regulates persistent neuroinflammation by controlling Th1 polarization and ROS production via monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Glia 2016;64:1925-37
A novel principle for improved humoral vaccination
In this study PhD student Roham Parsa set out to generate a macrophage-deficient mouse strain, but instead developed a neutrophil-deficient mouse strain. Through characterising the respective roles of neutrophils during the early and late phases of immune activation, we could conclude that manipulation of neutrophil numbers at the site of inoculation would be a means of generating enhanced antibody responses to the injected substance:
BAFF
Parsa R, Lund L, Georgoudaki A-M, Zhang X-M, Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais A, Grommisch D, Warnecke A, Croxford AL, Jagodic M, Becher B, Karlsson MCI, Harris RA: BAFF-secreting neutrophils drive plasma cell genesis during emergency granulopoiesis. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2016;213:1537-53
Staff and contact
Group leader
- Robert HarrisProfessor | Academic vice president | Docent
All members of the group
- Yigit Koray BabalPostdoctoral Studies
- Stefan BencinaPhd Student
- Irene Benito CuestaPostdoctoral Studies
- Yuxi GuoPhd Student
- Robert HarrisProfessor | Academic vice president | Docent
- Sebastian LewandowskiSenior Research Specialist
- Jianing LinPhd Student
- Jin-Hong MinPhd Student
- Per RoosAffiliated to Research
- Heela SarlusResearch Specialist
- Aditya SinghPostdoctoral Researcher
- Dan SunnemarkAffiliated to Research
- Keying ZhuPostdoctoral Researcher
FAQ
Some frequently asked questions
Do you have a PhD position available?
I have had good success in securing faculty (KID) funding for several PhD students, and these positions are advertised at KI Jobb. Social skills, ability to work collaboratively and a genuine interest in our work are all prerequisites for being accepted. A 4-year PhD training should not be something you do because you have nothing better to do – you should have a vocation for science and in particular the science we do. I am happy to receive enquiries from people fulfilling these requirements.
Do you have a Masters project position available?
I usually have one Masters project student per term working together with one of my PhD students. You are welcome to contact me and to express an interest in working within one of the projects described in the lab profile. Social skills, ability to work collaboratively and a genuine interest in our work are all prerequisites for being accepted.
Do you have a postdoc position available?
Funding for postdocs is often the hardest type of funding to secure. If you are interested in working in my lab you are welcome to contact me and submit a CV and a statement describing your specific research interests. If funding is available in the lab then great. If not you will be expected to provide your own funding or strategy for securing financing.
Do you accept volunteers?
I do not accept volunteers. If you are making a valuable contribution to my lab you will get paid for your efforts.
Team leader
A team leader operates as an additional leadership support to our research group leader and conducts its own research.
Sebastian Lewandovski
Sebastian Lewandowski
Teamleader - Neurovascular injury and neurodegerationPhoto gallery
Bob Harris teaches
Bob Harris co-supervisors
Neuro-immunology-group-retreat
Xinmei Hagelin
Kelly-acting-as-chairperson-at-the-KI-NIH-symposium
NIH-symposium-coordinators
Melanie_poster
Melanie-travel-award EMDS
Harald CNS day
Harald presenting SWIMM
Harald dissertation party
Harald nailing