Division of Eye and Vision

In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the Eyestar 900 and Lenstar LS 900 provide repeatable measurements for the different parameters analyzed. Comparing the instruments, we believe that despite the statistically significant differences reported in CCT and LT and the LoA values, we consider them negligible from a clinical standpoint. Hence, the two biometers can be used interchangeably.

The present study investigated the integrity of contrast sensitivity (CS), colour vision, and pattern evoked vision potentials (VEP) in non-immunocompromised people living with HIV (NIPLHIV) without retinitis.

Macula thickness and volumetric differences do exist in NIPLHIV. Practitioners should keep NIPLHIV under retinal morphometric surveillance because they live longer. Associations of cerebral atrophy with retinal morphology may be used to monitor cerebral atrophy in NIPLIV on ART.

What was known before

Visual outcomes after treatment of uveal melanoma have been investigated repeatedly. Surprisingly few studies have examined the correlation between visual acuity before primary tumour treatment with long-term patient outcomes.

What this study adds

In a cohort of 1809 patients, we find that uveal melanoma patients with low visual acuity before treatment have greater incidence of uveal-melanoma-related mortality in competing risk analysis, and that they have shorter overall survival. This is likely related to the fact that patients with low visual acuity had significantly larger tumours. In the second cohort with 137 enucleated eyes, however, there were no significant relations between low visual acuity and any one of 13 examined tumour histological factors at a Bonferroni-corrected significance level.

Four basic cell types can be outlined in uveal melanoma progression: normal, spindle A and B, and epithelioid. Differential expression of tumor suppressors, growth factors, and immune checkpoints could contribute to their relative over- and underrepresentation in benign, primary tumor, and metastatic samples.

The present study aimed to construct and validate a Swedish translation (VVAS-S) of the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS).

The Swedish version of the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale is a questionnaire suitable for evaluating visually induced dizziness in a Swedish population. This study found that the Swedish questionnaire was comparable to the original in terms of internal consistency. The Swedish Visual vertigo Analogue Scale can be found as an appendix to this article.

Visually Induced Dizziness (VID) is a common post-concussion sequalae that remains poorly understood and difficult to quantify. The present study aims to identify biomarkers for VID in the form of gaze-stabilizing eye movements. Nine patients with post-commotio VID and nine age-matched healthy controls were recruited by physiotherapists at a local neurorehabilitation centre.

In conclusion, post-commotio VID was associated with faster slow-phases during optokinetic gaze-stabilization, with both vergence and torsion being correlated to symptom intensity. As torsional tracking remains inaccessible using commercial eye-trackers, vertical vergence may prove particularly accessible for clinical utility.

This study provides evidence of the strong association between mitochondrial respiratory activity and the rate of disease progression in glaucoma. The findings have practical implications for clinical decision-making. Low OCR and/or NAD may identify patients at risk of faster progression, informing personalized treatment strategies and, if shown to be causative, offering the potential for mitochondria-targeted therapies.

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is driven by mtDNA mutations affecting Complex I presenting as progressive retinal ganglion cell dysfunction usually in the absence of extra-ophthalmic symptoms. There are no long-term neuroprotective agents for LHON. Oral nicotinamide provides a robust neuroprotective effect against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in other retinal injuries. We explored the potential for nicotinamide to protect mitochondria in LHON by modelling the disease in mice through intravitreal injection of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone.

These findings demonstrate that the inner retina and optic nerve head is highly enriched with the machinery to directly utilize nicotinamide through the salvage pathway and that the ability to do so is maintained, but the capacity to do so may be lower in glaucoma.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies results in irreversible vision loss due to the mammalian central nervous system’s limited regenerative capacity. RGC repopulation is a promising therapeutic approach to reverse vision loss from optic neuropathies if the newly introduced neurons can reestablish functional retinal and thalamic circuits.