Felipe de Oliveira Galvão

Development of new approach methodologies for assessing cancer risks associated with air pollution mixtures

Air pollution is a complex mixture of compounds with different biological activities that makes risk assessment a challenge. Current strategies for cancer risk assessment (CRA) of air pollution are today based on a pollutant-by-pollutant approach. This is a great simplification and excludes the possibility of mixture effects that may underestimate actual human health risks. The aim of this project is to address these issues by developing a New Approach Method (NAM) for CRA of air pollution mixtures. We propose that CRA of complex mixtures should be based on in vitro toxicity testing of whole mixtures and determination of relative Mixture Potency Factors (MPFs) (Toxicology 2014). We have previously shown that this approach can accurately determine the genotoxic potency of individual air pollutants (Environ Sci Technol 2017). Using this NAM, we aim to show that CRA of air pollution based on in vitro MPFs better predict the lung cancer risk associated with exposure to ambient air PM than currently accepted component-based approaches. We are now applying this NAM with samples representing different emission sources and environments (Environ Int 2022). We are now applying this NAM with samples representing different emission sources and environments. This project is funded by the Swedish Research Council FORMAS, STINT/CAPES, and Karolinska Institutet. PI: Kristian Dreij

Assessment of acute respiratory and cardiovascular health effects due to biomass smoke exposure in the Brazilian Amazon

Biomass burning is a global concern regarding climate change, biological diversity, and health hazards. Globally, ca 3 billion people are exposed to biomass particulate matter (PM). Biomarkers of exposure and effect are fundamental for understanding environmental exposures, mechanistic pathways, and monitoring early adverse outcomes. We aim to assess the acute cardiopulmonary health effects due to short-term exposure to biomass PM among the population in the Amazon deforestation arc together with in vitro analyses of sampled PM in a lung cell model to provide a mechanistic characterization of the health hazard. The project is based on a panel study in Amazon, with measurements of cardiopulmonary health and effect biomarkers using an exposure lag of 1-7 days during the wet and dry season with exposure assessment based on personal PM monitoring and urinary metabolites. The mode of action is assessed by in vitro studies using sampled PM. The project addresses the so far neglected and less understood issue of acute cardiopulmonary effects due to short-term exposure to PM from wildfires. This project will be the first of its kind to combine personal monitoring of exposure, specific cardiopulmonary biomarkers, and functional tests with mechanistic in vitro studies of collected PM in Amazon. How does this translate to public awareness? We will use environmental education strategies among the exposed population to reduce the gap between high-quality research and effectively engaging affected communities. This project is funded by the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS) and Karolinska Institutet (KI Research Foundation Grants). PI: Felipe de Oliveira Galvão