Elin Lindsäter

Exhaustion disorder (ED, utmattningssyndrom) is one of the most common and costly mental disorders in Swedish primary care. However, the validity of ED is debated and there are no evidence-based treatments. The core of ED - fatigue - is common across a range of disorders. Recent advances in international research indicate that fatigue is best understood as a transdiagnostic symptom dimension rather than a diagnosis-specific pathology. This paves the way for new, potentially more effective, approaches to assessment and treatment.The purpose of this project is to increase knowledge of fatigue as a transdiagnostic symptom in primary care patients and to build evidence for a highly accessible transdiagnostic treatment for fatigue. Consecutively recruited primary care patients (N=500) with fatigue will be included in a multicenter randomized controlled trial and receive internet-delivered transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy adjunct to care as usual, or care as usual only. Primary outcome will be change in fatigue severity (pre-post treatment) with controlled follow-ups up to 2 years from baseline. Moderators and mechanisms of treatment effect, and cost-effectiveness, will be analyzed.This project has the potential to build solid evidence for an accessible, cost-effective treatment of fatigue that can be readily implemented in primary care. Results will contribute to development of guidelines for assessment and treatment of fatigue, and better use of healthcare resources.

Research problem and specific questionsExhaustion disorder (ED, utmattningssyndrom) is one of the most common and costly mental disorders in Sweden, but the validity of ED is debated and there are no evidence-based treatments. The core of ED - fatigue - is common across a range of disorders, associated with work-disability and excess mortality. There is mounting evidence from international research supporting that fatigue should be conceptualized as a transdiagnostic symptom dimension rather than a diagnosis-specific pathology. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing fatigue across a range of medical conditions by the same change mechanisms. This speaks for a transdiagnostic treatment approach. The purpose of this project is to increase knowledge of fatigue as a transdiagnostic symptom in primary care patients and to evaluate the effect of a highly accessible transdiagnostic CBT for fatigue on symptom reduction and long-term work disability. We also aim to investigate moderators and mediators of treatment effect and treatment cost-effectiveness.Data and method Consecutively recruited primary care patients (N=500) with fatigue (independent of primary diagnosis) will be included in a multicenter randomized clinical trial and receive internet-delivered transdiagnostic CBT adjunct to care as usual, or care as usual only. Primary outcome will be change in fatigue severity (pre-post treatment). Secondary outcomes include self-rated symptoms, functional ability, and objective measures of cognitive impairment. Registry data will be used for analysis of healthcare consumption and sickness absence to the 1-year follow-up. Societal relevance and utilization  Fatigue is associated with suffering, work-disability, and high societal costs. This project can build solid evidence for an accessible, cost-effective treatment for fatigue with the potential to improve functional ability and prevent long-term sickness absence. Results can contribute to development of guidelines for assessment and treatment of fatigue, evidence-based recommendations for sick-leave prescription, and more efficient use of healthcare resources.Plan for project realization:Patients will be recruited from at least 3 primary care centers in Stockholm, using existing infrasturctures for care. The project group is a multidisciplinary team of researchers and clinicians from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Netherlands.

Research problem and specific questionsPersistent debilitating fatigue is increasingly becoming a societal problem with sufferers reporting lower health-related quality of life than cancer and stroke patients and fatigue imposes substantial economic costs on society. Furthering our knowledge concerning differences and similarities in genesis and patho-physiological mechanisms seems to be the most promising approach in order to tailor assessment and effective treatment. In the present study we jointly investigate immunological, nutritional and psychological mechanisms comparing patients with post-COVID syndrome, mylagic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and exhaustion disorder (ED), and healthy controls. Our hypothesis is that there are shared biopsychosocial vulnerability factors that develop and maintain fatigue, irrespective of the primary diagnosis. We also hypothesise that there are subgroups of individuals that differ in terms of these factors.Data and method This study is based on an ongoing cohort on fatigue in Stockholm (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04955587) and a sister study starting up in Linköping spring 2022. Patients with post-COVID fatigue, ME/CFS and ED are being followed for 24 months with questionnaire reports at baseline and month 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24. 300 participants will be asked to provide blood samples at the time of the questionnaire assessments and nutritional assessments at one time point.Plan for project realisation63 participants are recruited so far. The project group consists of a multidisciplinary research team from Stockholm University and Linköping University as well as of clinicians in the two regions who regularly assess and treat patients with persistent fatigue.RelevanceThis project will advance our understanding of fatigue by adding knowledge of the trans-diagnostic differences and similarities in fatigue in biopsychosocial mechanisms and on prognostic factors for recovery. The included projects will identify targets for new tailored treatment programmes, resulting in personalized treatment options for patients with persistent fatigue. The results of this study will contribute to improved care of patients with persistent fatigue and to better use of welfare resources. The long-term goals with the project include improved functioning, health and quality of life for affected patients and a reduced burden for relatives and society.