Gunnar Schulte

About me
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About me

Gunnar Schulte is Professor in receptor pharmacology and research group leader for the section Receptor Biology and Signaling at the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. He has a background in biochemistry from the Free University in Berlin/Germany and a PhD in molecular pharmacology (supervisor: Bertil B Fredholm) from Karolinska Institutet. As postdoc he trained first with Ernest Arenas (Karolinska Institutet, Molecular Neurobiology) and later with Roger J Summers (Monash University, Melbourna Australia, GPCR pharmacology) before starting his independent research team "Receptor Biology &
Signalling". Gunnar Schulte is also the scientific secretary of the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF) and member on the editorial board/editorial advisory board of Molecular Pharmacology, British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Reviews, and The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Education
Diploma (biochemistry) - Free University of Berlin, Germany (1992-1998)
PhD (Molecular Pharmacology) - Karolinska Institutet (1998-2002)
Postdoc (Molecular Neurobiology) - Karolinska Institutet (2003-2005)
Postdoc (Molecular Pharmacology - Monash University, Melbourna, Australia (2006)
Junior Researcher (Receptor Biology &
Signaling) - Karolinska Institutet (2007-2014)
Senior Researcher (Receptor Biology &
Signaling) - Karolinska Institutet (2015-2016)
Professor (Receptor Pharmacology - Karolinska Institutet (2017-)

Research

General Research Interest: Frizzled signaling and pharmacology and the role of WNT/Frizzled signaling in biology, physiology and disease. Most importantly my research team tries to understand underlying mechanisms of WNT-receptor interaction, relevance of receptor dynamics and receptor complex composition and specification of downstream signaling. The ultimate aim is to use the new knowlegde to find and create Frizzled-targeting drugs to improve future therapies of human disease.

Articles

Article: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):1089-1101
The 75-Year Anniversary of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet-Examples of Recent Accomplishments and Future Perspectives.
Weitzberg E; Ingelman-Sundberg M; Lundberg JO; Engberg G; Schulte G; Lauschke VM
Article: BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 2024;151:107681
New Smoothened ligands based on the purine scaffold as potential agents for treating pancreatic cancer
Espinosa-Bustos C; Bertrand J; Villegas-Menares A; Guerrero S; Di Marcotullio L; Navacci S; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P; Bloch N; Villela V; Paulino M; Kogan MJ; Cantero J; Salas CO
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2024;181(20):3819-3835
NanoBiT- and NanoBiT/BRET-based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt-3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model
Gratz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ; Wesslowski J; Kinsolving J; Bridge LJ; Petzold K; Davidson G; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Article: ACS SENSORS. 2024;9(9):4626-4636
Class-Wide Analysis of Frizzled-Dishevelled Interactions Using BRET Biosensors Reveals Functional Differences among Receptor Paralogs
Gratz L; Voss JH; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2024;15(1):7684
A molecular mechanism to diversify Ca2+ signaling downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors.
Brands J; Bravo S; Jürgenliemke L; Grätz L; Schihada H; Frechen F; Alenfelder J; Pfeil C; Ohse PG; Hiratsuka S; Kawakami K; Schmacke LC; Heycke N; Inoue A; König G; Pfeifer A; Wachten D; Schulte G; Steinmetzer T; Watts VJ; Gomeza J; Simon K; Kostenis E
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2024;15(1):7422
Structural basis of frizzled 7 activation and allosteric regulation
Bous J; Kinsolving J; Gratz L; Scharf MM; Voss JH; Selcuk B; Adebali O; Schulte G
Article: HEPATOLOGY. 2024;79(6):1337-1351
Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling synergize to trigger growth-factor-free regeneration of adult primary human hepatocytes
Oliva-Vilarnau N; Beusch CM; Sabatier P; Sakaraki E; Tjaden A; Graetz L; Buettner FA; Dorotea D; Nguyen M; Bergqvist F; Sundstrom Y; Mueller S; Zubarev RA; Schulte G; Tredup C; Gramignoli R; Tietge UJF; Lauschke VM
Article: CELL REPORTS. 2024;43(2):113727
Structural and functional insight into the interaction of Clostridioides difficile toxin B and FZD7
Kinsolving J; Bous J; Kozielewicz P; Kosenina S; Shekhani R; Gratz L; Masuyer G; Wang Y; Stenmark P; Dong M; Schulte G
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2023;180:S23-S144
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
Alexander SPH; Christopoulos A; Davenport AP; Kelly E; Mathie AA; Peters JA; Veale EL; Armstrong JF; Faccenda E; Harding SD; Davies JA; Abbracchio MP; Abraham G; Agoulnik A; Alexander W; Al-hosaini K; Back M; Baker JG; Barnes NM; Bathgate R; Beaulieu J-M; Beck-Sickinger AG; Behrens M; Bernstein KE; Bettler B; Birdsall NJM; Blaho V; Boulay F; Bousquet C; Brauner-Osborne H; Burnstock G; Calo G; Castano JP; Catt KJ; Ceruti S; Chazot P; Chiang N; Chini B; Chun J; Cianciulli A; Civelli O; Clapp LH; Couture R; Cox HM; Csaba Z; Dahlgren C; Dent G; Douglas SD; Dournaud P; Eguchi S; Escher E; Filardo EJ; Fong T; Fumagalli M; Gainetdinov RR; Garelja ML; de Gasparo M; Gerard C; Gershengorn M; Gobeil F; Goodfriend TL; Goudet C; Gratz L; Gregory KJ; Gundlach AL; Hamann J; Hanson J; Hauger RL; Hay DL; Heinemann A; Herr D; Hollenberg MD; Holliday ND; Horiuchi M; Hoyer D; Hunyady L; Husain A; Ijzerman AP; Inagami T; Jacobson KA; Jensen RT; Jockers R; Jonnalagadda D; Karnik S; Kaupmann K; Kemp J; Kennedy C; Kihara Y; Kitazawa T; Kozielewicz P; Kreienkamp H-J; Kukkonen JP; Langenhan T; Larhammar D; Leach K; Lecca D; Lee JD; Leeman SE; Leprince J; Li XX; Lolait SJ; Lupp A; Macrae R; Maguire J; Malfacini D; Mazella J; McArdle CA; Melmed S; Michel MC; Miller LJ; Mitolo V; Mouillac B; Mueller CE; Murphy PM; Nahon J-L; Ngo T; Norel X; Nyimanu D; O'Carroll A-M; Offermanns S; Panaro MA; Parmentier M; Pertwee RG; Pin J-P; Prossnitz ER; Quinn M; Ramachandran R; Ray M; Reinscheid RK; Rondard P; Rovati GE; Ruzza C; Sanger GJ; Schoeneberg T; Schulte G; Schulz S; Segaloff DL; Serhan CN; Singh KD; Smith CM; Stoddart LA; Sugimoto Y; Summers R; Tan VP; Thal D; Thomas WW; Timmermans PBMWM; Tirupula K; Toll L; Tulipano G; Unal H; Unger T; Valant C; Vanderheyden P; Vaudry D; Vaudry H; Vilardaga J-P; Walker CS; Wang JM; Ward DT; Wester H-J; Willars GB; Williams TL; Woodruff TM; Yao C; Ye RD
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2023;14(1):4573
Pathway selectivity in Frizzleds is achieved by conserved micro-switches defining pathway-determining, active conformations
Gratz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Scharf MM; Kozielewicz P; Jahn M; Bous J; Lambert NA; Gloriam DE; Schulte G
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2023;2023(1)
Class Frizzled GPCRs in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Grätz L; Hot B; Kozielewicz P; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2023;16(779):eabo4974
WNT stimulation induces dynamic conformational changes in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction
Bowin C-F; Kozielewicz P; Gratz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2023;2676:201-213
Conformational GPCR BRET Sensors Based on Bioorthogonal Labeling of Noncanonical Amino Acids.
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2022;298(9):102328
Isoforms of GPR35 have distinct extracellular N-termini that allosterically modify receptor-transducer coupling and mediate intracellular pathway bias
Schihada H; Klompstra TM; Humphrys LJ; Cervenka I; Dadvar S; Kolb P; Ruas JL; Schulte G
Article: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2022;2374:195-204
NanoBRET and NanoBiT/BRET-Based Ligand Binding Assays Permit Quantitative Assessment of Small Molecule Ligand Binding to Smoothened.
Kozielewicz P; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE ADVANCES. 2021;7(46):eabj7917
Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Turku A; Huber T; Sakmar TP; Schulte G
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2021;178:S27-S156
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors
Alexander SPH; Christopoulos A; Davenport AP; Kelly E; Mathie A; Peters JA; Veale EL; Armstrong JF; Faccenda E; Harding SD; Pawson AJ; Southan C; Davies JA; Abbracchio MP; Alexander W; Al-hosaini K; Baeck M; Barnes NM; Bathgate R; Beaulieu J-M; Bernstein KE; Bettler B; Birdsall NJM; Blaho V; Boulay F; Bousquet C; Braeuner-Osborne H; Burnstock G; Calo G; Castano JP; Catt K; Ceruti S; Chazot P; Chiang N; Chini B; Chun J; Cianciulli A; Civelli O; Clapp LH; Couture R; Csaba Z; Dahlgren C; Dent G; Singh KD; Douglas SD; Dournaud P; Eguchi S; Escher E; Filardo EJ; Fong T; Fumagalli M; Gainetdinov RR; de Gasparo M; Gerard C; Gershengorn M; Gobeil F; Goodfriend TL; Goudet C; Gregory KJ; Gundlach AL; Hamann J; Hanson J; Hauger RL; Hay DL; Heinemann A; Hollenberg MD; Holliday ND; Horiuchi M; Hoyer D; Hunyady L; Husain A; IJzerman AP; Inagami T; Jacobson KA; Jensen RT; Jockers R; Jonnalagadda D; Karnik S; Kaupmann K; Kemp J; Kennedy C; Kihara Y; Kitazawa T; Kozielewicz P; Kreienkamp H-J; Kukkonen JP; Langenhan T; Leach K; Lecca D; Lee JD; Leeman SE; Leprince J; Li XX; Williams TL; Lolait SJ; Lupp A; Macrae R; Maguire J; Mazella J; McArdle CA; Melmed S; Michel MC; Miller LJ; Mitolo V; Mouillac B; Mueller CE; Murphy P; Nahon J-L; Ngo T; Norel X; Nyimanu D; Ocarroll A-M; Offermanns S; Panaro MA; Parmentier M; Pertwee RG; Pin J-P; Prossnitz ER; Quinn M; Ramachandran R; Ray M; Reinscheid RK; Rondard P; Rovati GE; Ruzza C; Sanger GJ; Schoeneberg T; Schulte G; Schulz S; Segaloff DL; Serhan CN; Stoddart LA; Sugimoto Y; Summers R; Tan VP; Thal D; Thomas WW; Timmermans PMWM; Tirupula K; Tulipano G; Unal H; Unger T; Valant C; Vanderheyden P; Vaudry D; Vaudry H; Vilardaga J-P; Walker CS; Wang JM; Ward DT; Wester H-J; Willars GB; Woodruff TM; Yao C; Ye RD
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2021;14(699):eabf1653
Quantitative assessment of constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity with BRET-based G protein biosensors
Schihada H; Shekhani R; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE ADVANCES. 2021;7(36):eabi6856
Rare genetic variability in human drug target genes modulates drug response and can guide precision medicine
Zhou Y; Arribas GH; Turku A; Juergenson T; Mkrtchian S; Krebs K; Wang Y; Svobodova B; Milani L; Schulte G; Korabecny J; Gastaldello S; Lauschke VM
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2021;2021(3)
Class Frizzled GPCRs in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Hot B; Kozielewicz P; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2021;12(1):3919
Residue 6.43 defines receptor function in class F GPCRs
Turku A; Schihada H; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Schulte G
Article: ACS PHARMACOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE. 2021;4(3):1235-1245
Quantitative Profiling of WNT-3A Binding to All Human Frizzled Paralogues in HEK293 Cells by NanoBiT/BRET Assessments
Kozielewicz P; Shekhani R; Moser S; Bowin C-F; Wesslowski J; Davidson G; Schulte G
Article: BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS. 2021;177:112948
Deconvolution of WNT-induced Frizzled conformational dynamics with fluorescent biosensors
Schihada H; Kowalski-Jahn M; Turku A; Schulte G
Article: HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2021;269:101-115
Employing Genetically Encoded, Biophysical Sensors to Understand WNT/Frizzled Interaction and Receptor Complex Activation.
Kozielewicz P; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: ACS SENSORS. 2020;5(6):1734-1742
Development of a Conformational Histamine H₃ Receptor Biosensor for the Synchronous Screening of Agonists and Inverse Agonists
Schihada H; Ma X; Zabel U; Vischer HF; Schulte G; Leurs R; Pockes S; Lohse MJ
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2020;295(26):8759-8774
eGFP-tagged Wnt-3a enables functional analysis of Wnt trafficking and signaling and kinetic assessment of Wnt binding to full-length Frizzled
Wesslowski J; Kozielewicz P; Wang X; Cui H; Schihada H; Kranz D; Karuna PM; Levkin P; Gross JC; Boutros M; Schulte G; Davidson G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2020;11(1):414
Structural insight into small molecule action on Frizzleds
Kozielewicz P; Turku A; Bowin C-F; Petersen J; Valnohova J; Canizal MCA; Ono Y; Inoue A; Hoffmann C; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2020;97(1):23-34
A NanoBRET-Based Binding Assay for Smoothened Allows Real-time Analysis of Ligand Binding and Distinction of Two Binding Sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine
Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Turku A; Schulte G
Article: CELLS. 2019;8(11):1372
Wnt-3a Induces Cytokine Release in Human Mast Cells
Tebroke J; Lieverse OE; Saefholm S; Schulte G; Nilsson G; Roennberg E
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2019;2019(4)
Class Frizzled GPCRs (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Hot B; Kozielewicz PL; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2019;294(31):11677-11684
WNT-3A-induced β-catenin signaling does not require signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins
Bowin C-F; Inoue A; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2019;10(1):667
A conserved molecular switch in Class F receptors regulates receptor activation and pathway selection
Wright SC; Kozielewicz P; Kowalski-Jahn M; Petersen J; Bowin C-F; Slodkowicz G; Marti-Solano M; Rodriguez D; Hot B; Okashah N; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Babu MM; Lambert NA; Carlsson J; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2018;11(559):eaar5536
FZD₅ is a Gα_q-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs
Wright SC; Canizal MCA; Benkel T; Simon K; Le Gouill C; Matricon P; Namkung Y; Lukasheva V; Koenig GM; Laporte SA; Carlsson J; Kostenis E; Bouvier M; Schulte G; Hoffmann C
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2018;293(48):18477-18493
Dishevelled enables casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Frizzled 6 required for cell membrane localization
Strakova K; Kowalski-Jahn M; Gybel T; Valnohova J; Dhople VM; Harnos J; Bernatik O; Ganji RS; Zdrahal Z; Mulder J; Lindskog C; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2018;293(46):17875-17887
Functional dissection of the N-terminal extracellular domains of Frizzled 6 reveals their roles for receptor localization and Dishevelled recruitment
Valnohova J; Kowalski-Jahn M; Sunahara RK; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2017;38:85-96
The tyrosine Y250^2.39 in Frizzled 4 defines a conserved motif important for structural integrity of the receptor and recruitment of Disheveled
Strakova K; Matricon P; Yokota C; Arthofer E; Bernatik O; Rodriguez D; Arenas E; Carlsson J; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2017;8(1):226
Agonist-induced dimer dissociation as a macromolecular step in G protein-coupled receptor signaling
Petersen J; Wright SC; Rodriguez D; Matricon P; Lahav N; Vromen A; Friedler A; Stromqvist J; Wennmalm S; Carlsson J; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2017;32:93-103
FZD₁₀-Gα₁₃ signalling axis points to a role of FZD₁₀ in CNS angiogenesis
Hot B; Valnohova J; Arthofer E; Simon K; Shin J; Uhlen M; Kostenis E; Mulder J; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2016;90(4):447-459
WNT Stimulation Dissociates a Frizzled 4 Inactive-State Complex with Gα_12/13
Arthofer E; Hot B; Petersen J; Strakova K; Jager S; Grundmann M; Kostenis E; Gutkind JS; Schulte G
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2016;113(33):9304-9309
Dishevelled is a NEK2 kinase substrate controlling dynamics of centrosomal linker proteins
Cervenka I; Valnohova J; Bernatik O; Harnos J; Radsetoulal M; Sedova K; Hanakova K; Potesil D; Sedlackova M; Salasova A; Steinhart Z; Angers S; Schulte G; Hampl A; Zdrahal Z; Bryja V
Article: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. 2016;310(3):R297-R304
CX₃CL1-a macrophage chemoattractant induced by a single bout of exercise in human skeletal muscle
Stromberg A; Olsson K; Dijksterhuis JP; Rullman E; Schulte G; Gustafsson T
Article: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2015;339(2):280-288
High levels of WNT-5A in human glioma correlate with increased presence of tumor-associated microglia/monocytes
Dijksterhuis JP; Arthofer E; Marinescu VD; Nelander S; Uhlen M; Ponten F; Mulder J; Schulte G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2015;763(Pt B):191-195
Frizzleds and WNT/β-catenin signaling - The black box of ligand-receptor selectivity, complex stoichiometry and activation kinetics
Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2015;290(11):6789-6798
Systematic Mapping of WNT-FZD Protein Interactions Reveals Functional Selectivity by Distinct WNT-FZD Pairs
Dijksterhuis JP; Baljinnyam B; Stanger K; Sercan HO; Ji Y; Andres O; Rubin JS; Hannoush RN; Schulte G
Article: CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING. 2015;13:2
Asymmetry of VANGL2 in migrating lymphocytes as a tool to monitor activity of the mammalian WNT/planar cell polarity pathway
Kaucka M; Petersen J; Janovska P; Radaszkiewicz T; Smyckova L; Daulat AM; Borg J-P; Schulte G; Bryja V
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2014;26(9):1943-1949
Assessment of Frizzled 6 membrane mobility by FRAP supports G protein coupling and reveals WNT-Frizzled selectivity
Kilander MBC; Dahlstrom J; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY. 2014;19(6):733-741
Decreased hippocampal volume and increased anxiety in a transgenic mouse model expressing the human CYP2C19 gene
Persson A; Sim SC; Virding S; Onishchenko N; Schulte G; Ingelman-Sundberg M
Article: THE FASEB JOURNAL. 2014;28(5):2293-2305
Disheveled regulates precoupling of heterotrimeric G proteins to Frizzled 6
Kilander MBC; Petersen J; Andressen KW; Ganji RS; Levy FO; Schuster J; Dahl N; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2014;210(3):590-599
Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and modulates it via actions on adenosine receptors
Yang J; Zheng X; Haugen F; Dare E; Lovdahl C; Schulte G; Fredholm BB; Valen G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2014;289(2):1128-1141
β-Arrestin Promotes Wnt-induced Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 6 (Lrp6) Phosphorylation via Increased Membrane Recruitment of Amer1 Protein
Kriz V; Pospichalova V; Masek J; Kilander MBC; Slavik J; Tanneberger K; Schulte G; Machala M; Kozubik A; Behrens J; Bryja V
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2013;125(6):803-808
WNT-3A and WNT-5A counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory changes in mouse primary microglia
Halleskog C; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2013;25(4):822-828
Pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G_αi/o proteins mediate WNT/β-catenin and WNT/ERK1/2 signaling in mouse primary microglia stimulated with purified WNT-3A
Halleskog C; Schulte G
Journal article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY, SUPPLEMENT. 2012;29:144
Effects of sevoflurane exposure on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression, protein amount and cellular localization
Wiklund A; Gustavsson D; Ebberyd A; Fagerlund MJ; Eriksson LI; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION. 2012;9:111
Heterotrimeric G protein-dependent WNT-5A signaling to ERK1/2 mediates distinct aspects of microglia proinflammatory transformation
Halleskog C; Dijksterhuis JP; Kilander MBC; Becerril-Ortega J; Villaescusa JC; Lindgren E; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. 2012;56(5):608-615
Prolonged attenuation of acetylcholine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 following sevoflurane exposure
Wiklund A; Gustavsson D; Ebberyd A; Sundman E; Schulte G; Fagerlund MJ; Eriksson LI
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2011;203(3):363-372
Recombinant WNTs differentially activate β-catenin-dependent and -independent signalling in mouse microglia-like cells
Kilander MBC; Halleskog C; Schulte G
Article: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. 2011;88(6):852-860
Mutations in Frizzled 6 Cause Isolated Autosomal-Recessive Nail Dysplasia
Frojmark A-S; Schuster J; Sobol M; Entesarian M; Kilander MBC; Gabrikova D; Nawaz S; Baig SM; Schulte G; Klar J; Dahl N
Article: EMBO JOURNAL. 2011;30(8):1433-1443
Amer1/WTX couples Wnt-induced formation of PtdIns(4,5)P₂ to LRP6 phosphorylation
Tanneberger K; Pfister AS; Brauburger K; Schneikert J; Hadjihannas MV; Kriz V; Schulte G; Bryja V; Behrens J
Article: BRAIN. 2011;134(Pt 4):1041-1060
Molecular reorganization of endocannabinoid signalling in Alzheimer's disease
Mulder J; Zilberter M; Pasquare SJ; Alpar A; Schulte G; Ferreira SG; Koefalvi A; Martin-Moreno AM; Keimpema E; Tanila H; Watanabe M; Mackie K; Hortobagyi T; de Ceballos ML; Harkany T
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2011;286(12):10396-10410
Sequential Activation and Inactivation of Dishevelled in the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Casein Kinases
Bernatik O; Ganji RS; Dijksterhuis JP; Konik P; Cervenka I; Polonio T; Krejci P; Schulte G; Bryja V
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2011;23(3):550-554
WNT-5A stimulates the GDP/GTP exchange at pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G proteins
Kilander MBC; Dijksterhuis JP; Ganji RS; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY. 2011;31(1):179-189
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Promote WNT/β-Catenin Signaling via Phosphorylation of LRP6
Cervenka I; Wolf J; Masek J; Krejci P; Wilcox WR; Kozubik A; Schulte G; Gutkind JS; Bryja V
Article: GLIA. 2011;59(1):119-131
WNT Signaling in Activated Microglia Is Proinflammatory
Halleskog C; Mulder J; Dahlstrom J; Mackie K; Hortobagyi T; Tanila H; Puli LK; Faerber K; Harkany T; Schulte G
Article: ANESTHESIOLOGY. 2010;113(6):1270-1279
The Human Carotid Body Expression of Oxygen Sensing and Signaling Genes of Relevance for Anesthesia
Fagerlund MJ; Kahlin J; Ebberyd A; Schulte G; Mkrtchian S; Eriksson LI
Article: NEUROSCIENCE. 2010;170(3):923-928
PERIPHERAL ADENOSINE A_2A RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA IN MICE
Li L; Hao JX; Fredholm BB; Schulte G; Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z; Xu XJ
Journal article: DEVELOPMENT. 2010;137(4):e406
Vang-like protein 2 and Rac1 interact to regulate adherens junctions
Lindqvist M; Horn Z; Bryja V; Schulte G; Papachristou P; Ajima R; Dyberg C; Arenas E; Yamaguchi TP; Lagercrantz H; Ringstedt T
Article: JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE. 2010;123(3):472-483
Vang-like protein 2 and Rac1 interact to regulate adherens junctions
Lindqvist M; Horn Z; Bryja V; Schulte G; Papachristou P; Ajima R; Dyberg C; Arenas E; Yamaguchi TP; Lagercrantz H; Ringstedt T
Article: EMBO REPORTS. 2008;9(12):1244-1250
β-Arrestin and casein kinase 1/2 define distinct branches of non-canonical WNT signalling pathways
Bryja V; Schambony A; Cajanek L; Dominguez I; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2008;590(1-3):36-42
Adenosine A_2A receptor dynamics studied with the novel fluorescent agonist Alexa488-APEC
Brand F; Klutz AM; Jacobson KA; Fredholm BB; Schulte G
Article: PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. 2007;92(1-2):15-20
Modulation of glial cell functions by adenosine receptors
Dare E; Schulte G; Karovic O; Hammarberg C; Fredholm BB
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2007;104(16):6690-6695
β-arrestin is a necessary component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo
Bryja V; Gradl D; Schambony A; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2007;19(3):610-616
Wnt-3a utilizes a novel low dose and rapidly pathway that does not require casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Dvl to activate β-catenin
Bryja V; Schulte G; Arenas E
Article: JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE. 2007;120(4):586-595
Wnt-5a induces Dishevelled phosphorylation and dopaminergic differentiation via a CK1-dependent mechanism
Bryja V; Schulte G; Rawal N; Grahn A; Arenas E
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2005;102(52):19115-19120
Endocannabinoids regulate interneuron migration and morphogenesis by transactivating the TrkB receptor
Berghuis P; Dobszay MB; Wang XY; Spano S; Ledda F; Sousa KM; Schulte G; Ernfors P; Mackie K; Paratcha G; Hurd YL; Harkany T
Article: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2005;305(1):200-213
PKC 412 sensitizes U1810 non-small cell lung cancer cells to DNA damage
Hemström TH; Joseph B; Schulte G; Lewensohn R; Zhivotovsky B
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2005;92(6):1550-1553
Purified Wnt-5a increases differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic cells and dishevelled phosphorylation
Schulte G; Bryja V; Rawal N; Castelo-Branco G; Sousa KM; Arenas E
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2004;182(2):133-143
Adenosine A₁ receptors are necessary for protection of the murine heart by remote, delayed adaptation to ischaemia
Schulte G; Sommerschild H; Yang J; Tokuno S; Goiny M; Lövdahl C; Johansson B; Fredholm BB; Valen G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE. 2004;20(5):1290-1306
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor controls functional differentiation and microcircuit formation of selectively isolated fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons
Berghuis P; Dobszay MB; Sousa KM; Schulte G; Mager PP; Härtig W; Görcs TJ; Zilberter Y; Ernfors P; Harkany T
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE. 2004;24(21):4978-4988
Endocannabinoid-independent retrograde signaling at inhibitory synapses in layer 2/3 of neocortex:: Involvement of vesicular glutamate transporter 3
Harkany T; Holmgren C; Härtig W; Qureshi T; Chaudhry FA; Storm-Mathisen J; Dobszay MB; Berghuis P; Schulte G; Sousa KM; Fremeau RT; Edwards RH; Mackie K; Ernfors P; Zilberter Y
Article: BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2004;67(1):129-134
Adenosine A₃ receptor-mediated regulation of p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase ERK1/2 via phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase
Hammarberg C; Fredholm BB; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2003;86(4):1051-1054
Evidence for functional adenosine A₃ receptors in microglia cells
Hammarberg C; Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Article: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS. 2003;307(1):180-187
Adenosine A_2B receptors modulate cAMP levels and induce CREB but not ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle cells
Lynge J; Schulte G; Nordsborg N; Fredholm BB; Hellsten Y
Article: NEUROSCIENCE. 2003;121(4):907-916
Distribution of antinociceptive adenosine a, receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and relationship to primary afferents and neuronal subpopulations
Schulte G; Robertson B; Fredholm BB; Delander GE; Shortland P; Molander C
Article: BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2001;61(4):443-448
Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Fredholm BB; Irenius E; Kull B; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2000;58(3):477-482
Human adenosine A₁, A_2A, A_2B, and A₃ receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells all mediate the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN. 1999;3(2):115-129
Effects of sciatic nerve injuries on δ-opioid receptor and substance P immunoreactivities in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat
Robertson B; Schulte G; Elde R; Grant G
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All other publications

Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):1009-1037
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXV: The Class F of G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Schulte G
Editorial comment: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):972-977
Seventy-Five Years of Interactions: The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet and Pharmacological Reviews.
Schulte G
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2024;45(5):419-429
Frizzleds act as dynamic pharmacological entities
Schulte G; Scharf MM; Bous J; Voss JH; Gratz L; Kozielewicz P
Preprint: RESEARCH SQUARE. 2024
SAG1.3-derived Frizzled-targeting negative allosteric modulators
Schulte G; Grätz L; Turku A; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Scharf M; Voss J; Kinsolving J; Shekhani R; Oliva-Vilarnau N; Koolmeister T; Körber M; Lauschke V; Löber S; Gmeiner P
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2024
The dark sides of the GPCR tree - research progress on understudied GPCRs
Scharf MM; Humphrys LJ; Berndt S; Di Pizio A; Lehmann J; Liebscher I; Nicoli A; Niv MY; Peri L; Schihada H; Schulte G
Conference publication: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2023;180(4):479-480
NanoBiT/BRET assessment of eGFP-WNT-3A binding to FZD₇ in SW480 cells under endogenous promotion
Kozielewicz P; Gratz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz J; Moser S; Davidson G; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2022
WNT stimulation induced conformational dynamics in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction
Bowin C-F; Kozielewicz P; Grätz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2022
Receptor levels determine binding affinity of WNT-3A to Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model
Grätz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz J; Wesslowski J; Petzold K; Davidson G; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Letter: CELL RESEARCH. 2021;31(12):1311-1314
Cryo-EM structure of constitutively active human Frizzled 7 in complex with heterotrimeric G_s
Xu L; Chen B; Schihada H; Wright SC; Turku A; Wu Y; Han G-W; Kowalski-Jahn M; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Zhang X; Li C; Bouvier M; Schulte G; Xu F
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2021
Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Turku A; Huber T; Sakmar T; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2021
Quantitative assessment of constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity with BRET-based G protein biosensors
Schihada H; Shekhani R; Schulte G
Review: BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY. 2020;126:17-24
Structural insight into Class F receptors - What have we learnt regarding agonist-induced activation?
Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Review: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2020;97(2):62-71
Molecular Pharmacology of Class F Receptor Activation
Kozielewicz P; Turku A; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2019
A NanoBRET-based binding assay for Smoothened allows real time analysis of small-molecule ligand binding and distinction of two separate ligand binding sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine
Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Schulte G
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2018;39(9):828-842
Frizzleds as GPCRs - More Conventional Than We Thought!
Schulte G; Wright SC
Editorial comment: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2017;174(24):4543-4546
WNT signalling: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Schulte G; Bryja V
Conference publication: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2017;390:S28
Frizzled as GPCRs: a FRET-based approach to investigate Frizzled 5 receptor activation
Canizal MCA; Valnohova J; Wright S; Proverbio D; Aastrup T; Schulte G; Hoffmann C
Meeting abstract: SPRINGERPLUS. 2015;4(Suppl 1):L50
WNT signaling in microglia and the glioma microenvironment
Schulte G
Book chapter: WNT SIGNALING IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE. 2014;p. 195-206
Frizzleds as G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Schulte G
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2014;171(5):1195-1209
WNT/Frizzled signalling: receptor-ligand selectivity with focus on FZD-G protein signalling and its physiological relevance: IUPHAR Review 3
Dijksterhuis JP; Petersen J; Schulte G
Conference publication: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2013;125:232
The human CYP2C19 enzyme influences fetal brain development and adult phenotypes in transgenic mice
Persson A; Sim SC; Virding S; Onishchenko N; Schulte G; Ingelman-Sundberg M
Editorial comment: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2012;204(1):6-7
19th Acta Physiologica international symposium WNT Signaling in Physiology and Disease'- a long way from developmental biology to physiology
Schulte G; Bryja V; Schambony A
Editorial comment: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2011;108(50):19839-19840
β-Arrestin and dishevelled coordinate biased signaling
Schulte G; Shenoy SK
Conference publication: GLIA. 2011;59:S50
WNTS AS NOVEL PROINFLAMMATORY MODULATORS OF MICROGLIA FUNCTION
Halleskog C; Dijksterhuis J; Eva L; Schulte G
Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2010;62(4):632-667
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXX. The Class Frizzled Receptors
Schulte G
Book chapter: GPCR MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG TARGETING. 2010;p. 113-137
Molecular Pharmacology of Frizzleds—with Implications for Possible Therapy
Schulte G
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2010;159(5):1051-1058
β-arrestins - scaffolds and signalling elements essential for WNT/Frizzled signalling pathways?
Schulte G; Schambony A; Bryja V
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2007;28(10):518-525
The Frizzled family of unconventional G-protein-coupled receptors
Schulte G; Bryja V
Published conference paper: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):55-61
Inhibition of endocytosis blocks Wnt signalling to β-catenin by promoting dishevelled degradation
Bryja V; Cajanek L; Grahn A; Schulte G
Published conference paper: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):33-38
Novel aspects of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling - different ways to achieve specificity
Schulte G; Levy FO
Editorial comment: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):1
A Nordic meeting on G-protein-coupled receptors: from molecular aspects to novel therapy
Schulte G; Fredholm B
Book chapter: ADENOSINE RECEPTORS. 2006;p. 143-155
Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors, and the Regulation of Glial Cells in Neuronal Damage
Fredholm B; Schulte G; Färber K; Daré E
Conference publication: MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT. 2005;122:S136
Regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis by Wnts
Arenas E; Castelo-Branco G; Parish C; Sousa K; Hall A; Brija V; Schulte G; Rawal N; Kele J; Sousa S; Salto C
Published conference paper: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2003;290(1):168-176
The G_S-coupled adenosine A_2B receptor recruits divergent pathways to regulate ERK1/2 and p38
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Review: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2003;15(9):813-827
Signalling from adenosine receptors to mitogen-activated protein kinases
Schulte G; Fredhohn BB
Published conference paper: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH. 2003;58(4):350-353
Consequences of eliminating adenosine A₁ receptors in mice
Fredholm BB; Halldner L; Johansson C; Schulte G; Lövdahl C; Thorén P; Dunwiddie TV; Masino SA; Poelchen W; Diao LH; Illes P; Zahniser NR; Valen G; Tokuno S; Sommerschild H; Giménez-Llort L; Fernández-Teruel A; Escorihuela RM; Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z; Xu XJ; Hårdemark A; Herlenius E; Pekny S; Gebré-Medhin S; Brown R; Ollerstam A; Persson AEG; Skott O; Johansson B
Published conference paper: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2002;62(5):1137-1146
Signaling pathway from the human adenosine A₃ receptor expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Thesis / dissertation: 2002
Adenosine receptor signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases
Schulte, Gunnar
Meeting abstract: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY. 2002;34(6):A59
A1 receptors mediate delayed remote preconditioning, possible involvement of MAPK
Sommershild HT; Fredholm BB; Schulte G; Jägerbrink T; Lövdahl C; Tokuno S; Valen G
Published conference paper: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2002;14(2):109-113
Diverse inhibitors of intracellular signalling act as adenosine receptor antagonists
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Conference publication: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 2002;29(8):A88
In a model of delayed remote preconditioning the adenosine A1 receptor mediates protection, without change in MAP kinase signalling
Sommerschild HT; Schulte G; Tokuno S; Lövdahl C; Fredholm BB; Valen BB
Published conference paper: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH. 2001;52(1-2):274-282
Adenosine receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo
Fredholm BB; Arslan G; Halldner L; Kull B; Schulte G; Ådén U; Svenningsson P
Review: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2000;362(4-5):364-374
Structure and function of adenosine receptors and their genes
Fredholm BB; Arslan G; Halldner L; Kull B; Schulte G; Wasserman W
Conference publication: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 1998;358(1):R123
Activation of protein kinase C increases NECA induced cyclic AMP production in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the human adenosine A_2A or A_2B receptor
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
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Grants

Integration of two concepts in WNT signalling: Signalosome formation and Frizzled conformational dynamics
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2023
Development of novel molecular tools for FZDs
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2022 - 31 December 2024
In silico prediction of small molecule ligands for class Frizzled GPCRs and investigation of the structural basis of FZD signalling
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2021 - 31 December 2024
Receptor pharmacology as a tool to develop new drugs
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2020 - 31 December 2024
Activation mechanisms of Class F GPCRs – from structural understanding to novel therapeutics
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2019 - 31 December 2021
WNT / Frizzled signals - a new target for cancer treatment
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2018
WNT/Frizzled communication as a druggable endocrine signalling system
Novo Nordisk Foundation
1 October 2017 - 1 October 2020
WNT / Frizzled signals - a new target for cancer treatment
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2017
The role of receptor complex composition and dynamics for signal specification and initiation in the WNT/Frizzled pathway
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2016 - 31 December 2020
Mechanisms of signal intitiation through Class Frizzled receptors
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2016 - 31 December 2019
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2016
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2015
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2014
Posttranslational modification of cell surface receptors as a means of defining signaling
Czech Science Foundation
2 January 2013 - 31 December 2015
Frizzleds - from receptor biology and pharmacology to a novel quaternary receptor model
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2012 - 31 December 2014
European WNT meeting 2010 "WNT Signaling in Physiology and Disease"
Swedish Research Council
1 July 2010 - 31 December 2010

Employments

Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 2017-

Degrees and Education

Docent, Karolinska Institutet, 2008
Doctor Of Philosophy, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 2002

About me

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