Gunnar Schulte

About me
Publications
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Public outreach and news

About me

Gunnar Schulte is Professor in receptor pharmacology and research group leader for the section Receptor Biology and Signaling at the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. He has a background in biochemistry from the Free University in Berlin/Germany and a PhD in molecular pharmacology (supervisor: Bertil B Fredholm) from Karolinska Institutet. As postdoc he trained first with Ernest Arenas (Karolinska Institutet, Molecular Neurobiology) and later with Roger J Summers (Monash University, Melbourna Australia, GPCR pharmacology) before starting his independent research team "Receptor Biology &
Signalling". Gunnar Schulte is also the scientific secretary of the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF) and member on the editorial board/editorial advisory board of Molecular Pharmacology, British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Reviews, and The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Education
Diploma (biochemistry) - Free University of Berlin, Germany (1992-1998)
PhD (Molecular Pharmacology) - Karolinska Institutet (1998-2002)
Postdoc (Molecular Neurobiology) - Karolinska Institutet (2003-2005)
Postdoc (Molecular Pharmacology - Monash University, Melbourna, Australia (2006)
Junior Researcher (Receptor Biology &
Signaling) - Karolinska Institutet (2007-2014)
Senior Researcher (Receptor Biology &
Signaling) - Karolinska Institutet (2015-2016)
Professor (Receptor Pharmacology - Karolinska Institutet (2017-)

Research

General Research Interest: Frizzled signaling and pharmacology and the role of WNT/Frizzled signaling in biology, physiology and disease. Most importantly my research team tries to understand underlying mechanisms of WNT-receptor interaction, relevance of receptor dynamics and receptor complex composition and specification of downstream signaling. The ultimate aim is to use the new knowlegde to find and create Frizzled-targeting drugs to improve future therapies of human disease.

Articles

Article: BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 2024;151:107681
New Smoothened ligands based on the purine scaffold as potential agents for treating pancreatic cancer
Espinosa-Bustos C; Bertrand J; Villegas-Menares A; Guerrero S; Di Marcotullio L; Navacci S; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P; Bloch N; Villela V; Paulino M; Kogan MJ; Cantero J; Salas CO
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2024;181(20):3819-3835
NanoBiT- and NanoBiT/BRET-based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt-3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model
Gratz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ; Wesslowski J; Kinsolving J; Bridge LJ; Petzold K; Davidson G; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Article: ACS SENSORS. 2024;9(9):4626-4636
Class-Wide Analysis of Frizzled-Dishevelled Interactions Using BRET Biosensors Reveals Functional Differences among Receptor Paralogs
Gratz L; Voss JH; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2024;15(1):7684
A molecular mechanism to diversify Ca2+ signaling downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors.
Brands J; Bravo S; Jürgenliemke L; Grätz L; Schihada H; Frechen F; Alenfelder J; Pfeil C; Ohse PG; Hiratsuka S; Kawakami K; Schmacke LC; Heycke N; Inoue A; König G; Pfeifer A; Wachten D; Schulte G; Steinmetzer T; Watts VJ; Gomeza J; Simon K; Kostenis E
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2024;15(1):7422
Structural basis of frizzled 7 activation and allosteric regulation
Bous J; Kinsolving J; Gratz L; Scharf MM; Voss JH; Selcuk B; Adebali O; Schulte G
Article: HEPATOLOGY. 2024;79(6):1337-1351
Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling synergize to trigger growth-factor-free regeneration of adult primary human hepatocytes
Oliva-Vilarnau N; Beusch CM; Sabatier P; Sakaraki E; Tjaden A; Graetz L; Buettner FA; Dorotea D; Nguyen M; Bergqvist F; Sundstrom Y; Mueller S; Zubarev RA; Schulte G; Tredup C; Gramignoli R; Tietge UJF; Lauschke VM
Article: CELL REPORTS. 2024;43(2):113727
Structural and functional insight into the interaction of Clostridioides difficile toxin B and FZD7
Kinsolving J; Bous J; Kozielewicz P; Kosenina S; Shekhani R; Gratz L; Masuyer G; Wang Y; Stenmark P; Dong M; Schulte G
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2023;180:S23-S144
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
Alexander SPH; Christopoulos A; Davenport AP; Kelly E; Mathie AA; Peters JA; Veale EL; Armstrong JF; Faccenda E; Harding SD; Davies JA; Abbracchio MP; Abraham G; Agoulnik A; Alexander W; Al-hosaini K; Back M; Baker JG; Barnes NM; Bathgate R; Beaulieu J-M; Beck-Sickinger AG; Behrens M; Bernstein KE; Bettler B; Birdsall NJM; Blaho V; Boulay F; Bousquet C; Brauner-Osborne H; Burnstock G; Calo G; Castano JP; Catt KJ; Ceruti S; Chazot P; Chiang N; Chini B; Chun J; Cianciulli A; Civelli O; Clapp LH; Couture R; Cox HM; Csaba Z; Dahlgren C; Dent G; Douglas SD; Dournaud P; Eguchi S; Escher E; Filardo EJ; Fong T; Fumagalli M; Gainetdinov RR; Garelja ML; de Gasparo M; Gerard C; Gershengorn M; Gobeil F; Goodfriend TL; Goudet C; Gratz L; Gregory KJ; Gundlach AL; Hamann J; Hanson J; Hauger RL; Hay DL; Heinemann A; Herr D; Hollenberg MD; Holliday ND; Horiuchi M; Hoyer D; Hunyady L; Husain A; Ijzerman AP; Inagami T; Jacobson KA; Jensen RT; Jockers R; Jonnalagadda D; Karnik S; Kaupmann K; Kemp J; Kennedy C; Kihara Y; Kitazawa T; Kozielewicz P; Kreienkamp H-J; Kukkonen JP; Langenhan T; Larhammar D; Leach K; Lecca D; Lee JD; Leeman SE; Leprince J; Li XX; Lolait SJ; Lupp A; Macrae R; Maguire J; Malfacini D; Mazella J; McArdle CA; Melmed S; Michel MC; Miller LJ; Mitolo V; Mouillac B; Mueller CE; Murphy PM; Nahon J-L; Ngo T; Norel X; Nyimanu D; O'Carroll A-M; Offermanns S; Panaro MA; Parmentier M; Pertwee RG; Pin J-P; Prossnitz ER; Quinn M; Ramachandran R; Ray M; Reinscheid RK; Rondard P; Rovati GE; Ruzza C; Sanger GJ; Schoeneberg T; Schulte G; Schulz S; Segaloff DL; Serhan CN; Singh KD; Smith CM; Stoddart LA; Sugimoto Y; Summers R; Tan VP; Thal D; Thomas WW; Timmermans PBMWM; Tirupula K; Toll L; Tulipano G; Unal H; Unger T; Valant C; Vanderheyden P; Vaudry D; Vaudry H; Vilardaga J-P; Walker CS; Wang JM; Ward DT; Wester H-J; Willars GB; Williams TL; Woodruff TM; Yao C; Ye RD
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2023;14(1):4573
Pathway selectivity in Frizzleds is achieved by conserved micro-switches defining pathway-determining, active conformations
Gratz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Scharf MM; Kozielewicz P; Jahn M; Bous J; Lambert NA; Gloriam DE; Schulte G
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2023;2023(1)
Class Frizzled GPCRs in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Grätz L; Hot B; Kozielewicz P; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2023;16(779):eabo4974
WNT stimulation induces dynamic conformational changes in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction
Bowin C-F; Kozielewicz P; Gratz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2023;2676:201-213
Conformational GPCR BRET Sensors Based on Bioorthogonal Labeling of Noncanonical Amino Acids.
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2022;298(9):102328
Isoforms of GPR35 have distinct extracellular N-termini that allosterically modify receptor-transducer coupling and mediate intracellular pathway bias
Schihada H; Klompstra TM; Humphrys LJ; Cervenka I; Dadvar S; Kolb P; Ruas JL; Schulte G
Article: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2022;2374:195-204
NanoBRET and NanoBiT/BRET-Based Ligand Binding Assays Permit Quantitative Assessment of Small Molecule Ligand Binding to Smoothened.
Kozielewicz P; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE ADVANCES. 2021;7(46):eabj7917
Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Turku A; Huber T; Sakmar TP; Schulte G
Article: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2021;178:S27-S156
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors
Alexander SPH; Christopoulos A; Davenport AP; Kelly E; Mathie A; Peters JA; Veale EL; Armstrong JF; Faccenda E; Harding SD; Pawson AJ; Southan C; Davies JA; Abbracchio MP; Alexander W; Al-hosaini K; Baeck M; Barnes NM; Bathgate R; Beaulieu J-M; Bernstein KE; Bettler B; Birdsall NJM; Blaho V; Boulay F; Bousquet C; Braeuner-Osborne H; Burnstock G; Calo G; Castano JP; Catt K; Ceruti S; Chazot P; Chiang N; Chini B; Chun J; Cianciulli A; Civelli O; Clapp LH; Couture R; Csaba Z; Dahlgren C; Dent G; Singh KD; Douglas SD; Dournaud P; Eguchi S; Escher E; Filardo EJ; Fong T; Fumagalli M; Gainetdinov RR; de Gasparo M; Gerard C; Gershengorn M; Gobeil F; Goodfriend TL; Goudet C; Gregory KJ; Gundlach AL; Hamann J; Hanson J; Hauger RL; Hay DL; Heinemann A; Hollenberg MD; Holliday ND; Horiuchi M; Hoyer D; Hunyady L; Husain A; IJzerman AP; Inagami T; Jacobson KA; Jensen RT; Jockers R; Jonnalagadda D; Karnik S; Kaupmann K; Kemp J; Kennedy C; Kihara Y; Kitazawa T; Kozielewicz P; Kreienkamp H-J; Kukkonen JP; Langenhan T; Leach K; Lecca D; Lee JD; Leeman SE; Leprince J; Li XX; Williams TL; Lolait SJ; Lupp A; Macrae R; Maguire J; Mazella J; McArdle CA; Melmed S; Michel MC; Miller LJ; Mitolo V; Mouillac B; Mueller CE; Murphy P; Nahon J-L; Ngo T; Norel X; Nyimanu D; Ocarroll A-M; Offermanns S; Panaro MA; Parmentier M; Pertwee RG; Pin J-P; Prossnitz ER; Quinn M; Ramachandran R; Ray M; Reinscheid RK; Rondard P; Rovati GE; Ruzza C; Sanger GJ; Schoeneberg T; Schulte G; Schulz S; Segaloff DL; Serhan CN; Stoddart LA; Sugimoto Y; Summers R; Tan VP; Thal D; Thomas WW; Timmermans PMWM; Tirupula K; Tulipano G; Unal H; Unger T; Valant C; Vanderheyden P; Vaudry D; Vaudry H; Vilardaga J-P; Walker CS; Wang JM; Ward DT; Wester H-J; Willars GB; Woodruff TM; Yao C; Ye RD
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2021;14(699):eabf1653
Quantitative assessment of constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity with BRET-based G protein biosensors
Schihada H; Shekhani R; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE ADVANCES. 2021;7(36):eabi6856
Rare genetic variability in human drug target genes modulates drug response and can guide precision medicine
Zhou Y; Arribas GH; Turku A; Juergenson T; Mkrtchian S; Krebs K; Wang Y; Svobodova B; Milani L; Schulte G; Korabecny J; Gastaldello S; Lauschke VM
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2021;2021(3)
Class Frizzled GPCRs in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Hot B; Kozielewicz P; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2021;12(1):3919
Residue 6.43 defines receptor function in class F GPCRs
Turku A; Schihada H; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Schulte G
Article: ACS PHARMACOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE. 2021;4(3):1235-1245
Quantitative Profiling of WNT-3A Binding to All Human Frizzled Paralogues in HEK293 Cells by NanoBiT/BRET Assessments
Kozielewicz P; Shekhani R; Moser S; Bowin C-F; Wesslowski J; Davidson G; Schulte G
Article: BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS. 2021;177:112948
Deconvolution of WNT-induced Frizzled conformational dynamics with fluorescent biosensors
Schihada H; Kowalski-Jahn M; Turku A; Schulte G
Article: HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2021;269:101-115
Employing Genetically Encoded, Biophysical Sensors to Understand WNT/Frizzled Interaction and Receptor Complex Activation.
Kozielewicz P; Schihada H; Schulte G
Article: ACS SENSORS. 2020;5(6):1734-1742
Development of a Conformational Histamine H₃ Receptor Biosensor for the Synchronous Screening of Agonists and Inverse Agonists
Schihada H; Ma X; Zabel U; Vischer HF; Schulte G; Leurs R; Pockes S; Lohse MJ
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2020;295(26):8759-8774
eGFP-tagged Wnt-3a enables functional analysis of Wnt trafficking and signaling and kinetic assessment of Wnt binding to full-length Frizzled
Wesslowski J; Kozielewicz P; Wang X; Cui H; Schihada H; Kranz D; Karuna PM; Levkin P; Gross JC; Boutros M; Schulte G; Davidson G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2020;11(1):414
Structural insight into small molecule action on Frizzleds
Kozielewicz P; Turku A; Bowin C-F; Petersen J; Valnohova J; Canizal MCA; Ono Y; Inoue A; Hoffmann C; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2020;97(1):23-34
A NanoBRET-Based Binding Assay for Smoothened Allows Real-time Analysis of Ligand Binding and Distinction of Two Binding Sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine
Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Turku A; Schulte G
Article: CELLS. 2019;8(11):E1372-1372
Wnt-3a Induces Cytokine Release in Human Mast Cells
Tebroke J; Lieverse OE; Saefholm S; Schulte G; Nilsson G; Roennberg E
Journal article: IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE. 2019;2019(4)
Class Frizzled GPCRs (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Arthofer E; Dijksterhuis J; Hot B; Kozielewicz PL; Lauth M; Olofsson J; Petersen J; Polonio T; Schulte G; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Wright S
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2019;294(31):11677-11684
WNT-3A-induced β-catenin signaling does not require signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins
Bowin C-F; Inoue A; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2019;10(1):667
A conserved molecular switch in Class F receptors regulates receptor activation and pathway selection
Wright SC; Kozielewicz P; Kowalski-Jahn M; Petersen J; Bowin C-F; Slodkowicz G; Marti-Solano M; Rodriguez D; Hot B; Okashah N; Strakova K; Valnohova J; Babu MM; Lambert NA; Carlsson J; Schulte G
Article: SCIENCE SIGNALING. 2018;11(559):eaar5536
FZD₅ is a Gα_q-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs
Wright SC; Canizal MCA; Benkel T; Simon K; Le Gouill C; Matricon P; Namkung Y; Lukasheva V; Koenig GM; Laporte SA; Carlsson J; Kostenis E; Bouvier M; Schulte G; Hoffmann C
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2018;293(48):18477-18493
Dishevelled enables casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Frizzled 6 required for cell membrane localization
Strakova K; Kowalski-Jahn M; Gybel T; Valnohova J; Dhople VM; Harnos J; Bernatik O; Ganji RS; Zdrahal Z; Mulder J; Lindskog C; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2018;293(46):17875-17887
Functional dissection of the N-terminal extracellular domains of Frizzled 6 reveals their roles for receptor localization and Dishevelled recruitment
Valnohova J; Kowalski-Jahn M; Sunahara RK; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2017;38:85-96
The tyrosine Y250^2.39 in Frizzled 4 defines a conserved motif important for structural integrity of the receptor and recruitment of Disheveled
Strakova K; Matricon P; Yokota C; Arthofer E; Bernatik O; Rodriguez D; Arenas E; Carlsson J; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2017;8(1):226
Agonist-induced dimer dissociation as a macromolecular step in G protein-coupled receptor signaling
Petersen J; Wright SC; Rodriguez D; Matricon P; Lahav N; Vromen A; Friedler A; Stromqvist J; Wennmalm S; Carlsson J; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2017;32:93-103
FZD₁₀-Gα₁₃ signalling axis points to a role of FZD₁₀ in CNS angiogenesis
Hot B; Valnohova J; Arthofer E; Simon K; Shin J; Uhlen M; Kostenis E; Mulder J; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2016;90(4):447-459
WNT Stimulation Dissociates a Frizzled 4 Inactive-State Complex with Gα_12/13
Arthofer E; Hot B; Petersen J; Strakova K; Jager S; Grundmann M; Kostenis E; Gutkind JS; Schulte G
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2016;113(33):9304-9309
Dishevelled is a NEK2 kinase substrate controlling dynamics of centrosomal linker proteins
Cervenka I; Valnohova J; Bernatik O; Harnos J; Radsetoulal M; Sedova K; Hanakova K; Potesil D; Sedlackova M; Salasova A; Steinhart Z; Angers S; Schulte G; Hampl A; Zdrahal Z; Bryja V
Article: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. 2016;310(3):R297-R304
CX₃CL1-a macrophage chemoattractant induced by a single bout of exercise in human skeletal muscle
Stromberg A; Olsson K; Dijksterhuis JP; Rullman E; Schulte G; Gustafsson T
Article: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2015;339(2):280-288
High levels of WNT-5A in human glioma correlate with increased presence of tumor-associated microglia/monocytes
Dijksterhuis JP; Arthofer E; Marinescu VD; Nelander S; Uhlen M; Ponten F; Mulder J; Schulte G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2015;763(Pt B):191-195
Frizzleds and WNT/β-catenin signaling - The black box of ligand-receptor selectivity, complex stoichiometry and activation kinetics
Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2015;290(11):6789-6798
Systematic Mapping of WNT-FZD Protein Interactions Reveals Functional Selectivity by Distinct WNT-FZD Pairs
Dijksterhuis JP; Baljinnyam B; Stanger K; Sercan HO; Ji Y; Andres O; Rubin JS; Hannoush RN; Schulte G
Article: CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING. 2015;13:2
Asymmetry of VANGL2 in migrating lymphocytes as a tool to monitor activity of the mammalian WNT/planar cell polarity pathway
Kaucka M; Petersen J; Janovska P; Radaszkiewicz T; Smyckova L; Daulat AM; Borg J-P; Schulte G; Bryja V
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2014;26(9):1943-1949
Assessment of Frizzled 6 membrane mobility by FRAP supports G protein coupling and reveals WNT-Frizzled selectivity
Kilander MBC; Dahlstrom J; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY. 2014;19(6):733-741
Decreased hippocampal volume and increased anxiety in a transgenic mouse model expressing the human CYP2C19 gene
Persson A; Sim SC; Virding S; Onishchenko N; Schulte G; Ingelman-Sundberg M
Article: THE FASEB JOURNAL. 2014;28(5):2293-2305
Disheveled regulates precoupling of heterotrimeric G proteins to Frizzled 6
Kilander MBC; Petersen J; Andressen KW; Ganji RS; Levy FO; Schuster J; Dahl N; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2014;210(3):590-599
Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and modulates it via actions on adenosine receptors
Yang J; Zheng X; Haugen F; Dare E; Lovdahl C; Schulte G; Fredholm BB; Valen G
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2014;289(2):1128-1141
β-Arrestin Promotes Wnt-induced Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 6 (Lrp6) Phosphorylation via Increased Membrane Recruitment of Amer1 Protein
Kriz V; Pospichalova V; Masek J; Kilander MBC; Slavik J; Tanneberger K; Schulte G; Machala M; Kozubik A; Behrens J; Bryja V
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2013;125(6):803-808
WNT-3A and WNT-5A counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory changes in mouse primary microglia
Halleskog C; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2013;25(4):822-828
Pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G_αi/o proteins mediate WNT/β-catenin and WNT/ERK1/2 signaling in mouse primary microglia stimulated with purified WNT-3A
Halleskog C; Schulte G
Journal article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY. 2012;29:144
Effects of sevoflurane exposure on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression, protein amount and cellular localization
Wiklund A; Gustavsson D; Ebberyd A; Fagerlund MJ; Eriksson LI; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION. 2012;9:111
Heterotrimeric G protein-dependent WNT-5A signaling to ERK1/2 mediates distinct aspects of microglia proinflammatory transformation
Halleskog C; Dijksterhuis JP; Kilander MBC; Becerril-Ortega J; Villaescusa JC; Lindgren E; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. 2012;56(5):608-615
Prolonged attenuation of acetylcholine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 following sevoflurane exposure
Wiklund A; Gustavsson D; Ebberyd A; Sundman E; Schulte G; Fagerlund MJ; Eriksson LI
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2011;203(3):363-372
Recombinant WNTs differentially activate β-catenin-dependent and -independent signalling in mouse microglia-like cells
Kilander MBC; Halleskog C; Schulte G
Article: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. 2011;88(6):852-860
Mutations in Frizzled 6 Cause Isolated Autosomal-Recessive Nail Dysplasia
Frojmark A-S; Schuster J; Sobol M; Entesarian M; Kilander MBC; Gabrikova D; Nawaz S; Baig SM; Schulte G; Klar J; Dahl N
Article: EMBO JOURNAL. 2011;30(8):1433-1443
Amer1/WTX couples Wnt-induced formation of PtdIns(4,5)P₂ to LRP6 phosphorylation
Tanneberger K; Pfister AS; Brauburger K; Schneikert J; Hadjihannas MV; Kriz V; Schulte G; Bryja V; Behrens J
Article: BRAIN. 2011;134(Pt 4):1041-1060
Molecular reorganization of endocannabinoid signalling in Alzheimer's disease
Mulder J; Zilberter M; Pasquare SJ; Alpar A; Schulte G; Ferreira SG; Koefalvi A; Martin-Moreno AM; Keimpema E; Tanila H; Watanabe M; Mackie K; Hortobagyi T; de Ceballos ML; Harkany T
Article: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2011;286(12):10396-10410
Sequential Activation and Inactivation of Dishevelled in the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Casein Kinases
Bernatik O; Ganji RS; Dijksterhuis JP; Konik P; Cervenka I; Polonio T; Krejci P; Schulte G; Bryja V
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2011;23(3):550-554
WNT-5A stimulates the GDP/GTP exchange at pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G proteins
Kilander MBC; Dijksterhuis JP; Ganji RS; Bryja V; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY. 2011;31(1):179-189
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Promote WNT/β-Catenin Signaling via Phosphorylation of LRP6
Cervenka I; Wolf J; Masek J; Krejci P; Wilcox WR; Kozubik A; Schulte G; Gutkind JS; Bryja V
Article: GLIA. 2011;59(1):119-131
WNT Signaling in Activated Microglia Is Proinflammatory
Halleskog C; Mulder J; Dahlstrom J; Mackie K; Hortobagyi T; Tanila H; Puli LK; Faerber K; Harkany T; Schulte G
Article: ANESTHESIOLOGY. 2010;113(6):1270-1279
The Human Carotid Body Expression of Oxygen Sensing and Signaling Genes of Relevance for Anesthesia
Fagerlund MJ; Kahlin J; Ebberyd A; Schulte G; Mkrtchian S; Eriksson LI
Article: NEUROSCIENCE. 2010;170(3):923-928
PERIPHERAL ADENOSINE A_2A RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA IN MICE
Li L; Hao JX; Fredholm BB; Schulte G; Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z; Xu XJ
Journal article: DEVELOPMENT. 2010;137(4):e406
Vang-like protein 2 and Rac1 interact to regulate adherens junctions
Lindqvist M; Horn Z; Bryja V; Schulte G; Papachristou P; Ajima R; Dyberg C; Arenas E; Yamaguchi TP; Lagercrantz H; Ringstedt T
Article: JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE. 2010;123(3):472-483
Vang-like protein 2 and Rac1 interact to regulate adherens junctions
Lindqvist M; Horn Z; Bryja V; Schulte G; Papachristou P; Ajima R; Dyberg C; Arenas E; Yamaguchi TP; Lagercrantz H; Ringstedt T
Article: EMBO REPORTS. 2008;9(12):1244-1250
β-Arrestin and casein kinase 1/2 define distinct branches of non-canonical WNT signalling pathways
Bryja V; Schambony A; Cajanek L; Dominguez I; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2008;590(1-3):36-42
Adenosine A_2A receptor dynamics studied with the novel fluorescent agonist Alexa488-APEC
Brand F; Klutz AM; Jacobson KA; Fredholm BB; Schulte G
Article: PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. 2007;92(1-2):15-20
Modulation of glial cell functions by adenosine receptors
Dare E; Schulte G; Karovic O; Hammarberg C; Fredholm BB
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2007;104(16):6690-6695
β-arrestin is a necessary component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo
Bryja V; Gradl D; Schambony A; Arenas E; Schulte G
Article: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2007;19(3):610-616
Wnt-3a utilizes a novel low dose and rapidly pathway that does not require casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Dvl to activate β-catenin
Bryja V; Schulte G; Arenas E
Article: JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE. 2007;120(4):586-595
Wnt-5a induces Dishevelled phosphorylation and dopaminergic differentiation via a CK1-dependent mechanism
Bryja V; Schulte G; Rawal N; Grahn A; Arenas E
Article: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2005;102(52):19115-19120
Endocannabinoids regulate interneuron migration and morphogenesis by transactivating the TrkB receptor
Berghuis P; Dobszay MB; Wang XY; Spano S; Ledda F; Sousa KM; Schulte G; Ernfors P; Mackie K; Paratcha G; Hurd YL; Harkany T
Article: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2005;305(1):200-213
PKC 412 sensitizes U1810 non-small cell lung cancer cells to DNA damage
Hemström TH; Joseph B; Schulte G; Lewensohn R; Zhivotovsky B
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2005;92(6):1550-1553
Purified Wnt-5a increases differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic cells and dishevelled phosphorylation
Schulte G; Bryja V; Rawal N; Castelo-Branco G; Sousa KM; Arenas E
Article: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2004;182(2):133-143
Adenosine A₁ receptors are necessary for protection of the murine heart by remote, delayed adaptation to ischaemia
Schulte G; Sommerschild H; Yang J; Tokuno S; Goiny M; Lövdahl C; Johansson B; Fredholm BB; Valen G
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE. 2004;20(5):1290-1306
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor controls functional differentiation and microcircuit formation of selectively isolated fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons
Berghuis P; Dobszay MB; Sousa KM; Schulte G; Mager PP; Härtig W; Görcs TJ; Zilberter Y; Ernfors P; Harkany T
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE. 2004;24(21):4978-4988
Endocannabinoid-independent retrograde signaling at inhibitory synapses in layer 2/3 of neocortex:: Involvement of vesicular glutamate transporter 3
Harkany T; Holmgren C; Härtig W; Qureshi T; Chaudhry FA; Storm-Mathisen J; Dobszay MB; Berghuis P; Schulte G; Sousa KM; Fremeau RT; Edwards RH; Mackie K; Ernfors P; Zilberter Y
Article: BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2004;67(1):129-134
Adenosine A₃ receptor-mediated regulation of p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase ERK1/2 via phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase
Hammarberg C; Fredholm BB; Schulte G
Article: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2003;86(4):1051-1054
Evidence for functional adenosine A₃ receptors in microglia cells
Hammarberg C; Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Article: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS. 2003;307(1):180-187
Adenosine A_2B receptors modulate cAMP levels and induce CREB but not ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle cells
Lynge J; Schulte G; Nordsborg N; Fredholm BB; Hellsten Y
Article: NEUROSCIENCE. 2003;121(4):907-916
Distribution of antinociceptive adenosine a, receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and relationship to primary afferents and neuronal subpopulations
Schulte G; Robertson B; Fredholm BB; Delander GE; Shortland P; Molander C
Article: BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 2001;61(4):443-448
Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Fredholm BB; Irenius E; Kull B; Schulte G
Article: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2000;58(3):477-482
Human adenosine A₁, A_2A, A_2B, and A₃ receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells all mediate the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Article: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN. 1999;3(2):115-129
Effects of sciatic nerve injuries on δ-opioid receptor and substance P immunoreactivities in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat
Robertson B; Schulte G; Elde R; Grant G
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All other publications

Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):1009-1037
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXV: The Class F of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Schulte G
Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):972-977
Seventy-Five Years of Interactions: The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet and Pharmacological Reviews
Schulte G
Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2024;76(6):1089-1101
The 75-Year Anniversary of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet-Examples of Recent Accomplishments and Future Perspectives
Weitzberg E; Ingelman-Sundberg M; Lundberg JO; Engberg G; Schulte G; Lauschke VM
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2024;45(5):419-429
Frizzleds act as dynamic pharmacological entities
Schulte G; Scharf MM; Bous J; Voss JH; Gratz L; Kozielewicz P
Preprint: RESEARCH SQUARE. 2024
SAG1.3-derived Frizzled-targeting negative allosteric modulators
Schulte G; Grätz L; Turku A; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Scharf M; Voss J; Kinsolving J; Shekhani R; Oliva-Vilarnau N; Koolmeister T; Körber M; Lauschke V; Löber S; Gmeiner P
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2024
The dark sides of the GPCR tree - research progress on understudied GPCRs
Scharf MM; Humphrys LJ; Berndt S; Di Pizio A; Lehmann J; Liebscher I; Nicoli A; Niv MY; Peri L; Schihada H; Schulte G
Conference publication: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2023;180(4):479-480
NanoBiT/BRET assessment of eGFP-WNT-3A binding to FZD₇ in SW480 cells under endogenous promotion
Kozielewicz P; Gratz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz J; Moser S; Davidson G; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2022
WNT stimulation induced conformational dynamics in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction
Bowin C-F; Kozielewicz P; Grätz L; Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2022
Receptor levels determine binding affinity of WNT-3A to Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model
Grätz L; Sajkowska-Kozielewicz J; Wesslowski J; Petzold K; Davidson G; Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Letter: CELL RESEARCH. 2021;31(12):1311-1314
Cryo-EM structure of constitutively active human Frizzled 7 in complex with heterotrimeric G_s
Xu L; Chen B; Schihada H; Wright SC; Turku A; Wu Y; Han G-W; Kowalski-Jahn M; Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Zhang X; Li C; Bouvier M; Schulte G; Xu F
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2021
Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain
Kowalski-Jahn M; Schihada H; Turku A; Huber T; Sakmar T; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2021
Quantitative assessment of constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity with BRET-based G protein biosensors
Schihada H; Shekhani R; Schulte G
Review: BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY. 2020;126:17-24
Structural insight into Class F receptors - What have we learnt regarding agonist-induced activation?
Schulte G; Kozielewicz P
Review: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2020;97(2):62-71
Molecular Pharmacology of Class F Receptor Activation
Kozielewicz P; Turku A; Schulte G
Preprint: BIORXIV. 2019
A NanoBRET-based binding assay for Smoothened allows real time analysis of small-molecule ligand binding and distinction of two separate ligand binding sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine
Kozielewicz P; Bowin C-F; Schulte G
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2018;39(9):828-842
Frizzleds as GPCRs - More Conventional Than We Thought!
Schulte G; Wright SC
Editorial comment: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2017;174(24):4543-4546
WNT signalling: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Schulte G; Bryja V
Conference publication: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2017;390:S28
Frizzled as GPCRs: a FRET-based approach to investigate Frizzled 5 receptor activation
Canizal MCA; Valnohova J; Wright S; Proverbio D; Aastrup T; Schulte G; Hoffmann C
Meeting abstract: SPRINGERPLUS. 2015;4(Suppl 1):L50
WNT signaling in microglia and the glioma microenvironment
Schulte G
Book chapter: WNT SIGNALING IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE. 2014;p. 195-206
Frizzleds as G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Schulte G
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2014;171(5):1195-1209
WNT/Frizzled signalling: receptor-ligand selectivity with focus on FZD-G protein signalling and its physiological relevance: IUPHAR Review 3
Dijksterhuis JP; Petersen J; Schulte G
Conference publication: JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY. 2013;125:232
The human CYP2C19 enzyme influences fetal brain development and adult phenotypes in transgenic mice
Persson A; Sim SC; Virding S; Onishchenko N; Schulte G; Ingelman-Sundberg M
Editorial comment: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2012;204(1):6-7
19th Acta Physiologica international symposium WNT Signaling in Physiology and Disease'- a long way from developmental biology to physiology
Schulte G; Bryja V; Schambony A
Editorial comment: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2011;108(50):19839-19840
β-Arrestin and dishevelled coordinate biased signaling
Schulte G; Shenoy SK
Conference publication: GLIA. 2011;59:S50
WNTS AS NOVEL PROINFLAMMATORY MODULATORS OF MICROGLIA FUNCTION
Halleskog C; Dijksterhuis J; Eva L; Schulte G
Review: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. 2010;62(4):632-667
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXX. The Class Frizzled Receptors
Schulte G
Book chapter: GPCR MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG TARGETING. 2010;p. 113-137
Molecular Pharmacology of Frizzleds—with Implications for Possible Therapy
Schulte G
Review: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2010;159(5):1051-1058
β-arrestins - scaffolds and signalling elements essential for WNT/Frizzled signalling pathways?
Schulte G; Schambony A; Bryja V
Review: TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2007;28(10):518-525
The Frizzled family of unconventional G-protein-coupled receptors
Schulte G; Bryja V
Published conference paper: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):55-61
Inhibition of endocytosis blocks Wnt signalling to β-catenin by promoting dishevelled degradation
Bryja V; Cajanek L; Grahn A; Schulte G
Published conference paper: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):33-38
Novel aspects of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling - different ways to achieve specificity
Schulte G; Levy FO
Editorial comment: ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA. 2007;190(1):1
A Nordic meeting on G-protein-coupled receptors: from molecular aspects to novel therapy
Schulte G; Fredholm B
Book chapter: ADENOSINE RECEPTORS. 2006;p. 143-155
Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors, and the Regulation of Glial Cells in Neuronal Damage
Fredholm B; Schulte G; Färber K; Daré E
Conference publication: MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT. 2005;122:S136
Regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis by Wnts
Arenas E; Castelo-Branco G; Parish C; Sousa K; Hall A; Brija V; Schulte G; Rawal N; Kele J; Sousa S; Salto C
Published conference paper: EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH. 2003;290(1):168-176
The G_S-coupled adenosine A_2B receptor recruits divergent pathways to regulate ERK1/2 and p38
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Review: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2003;15(9):813-827
Signalling from adenosine receptors to mitogen-activated protein kinases
Schulte G; Fredhohn BB
Published conference paper: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH. 2003;58(4):350-353
Consequences of eliminating adenosine A₁ receptors in mice
Fredholm BB; Halldner L; Johansson C; Schulte G; Lövdahl C; Thorén P; Dunwiddie TV; Masino SA; Poelchen W; Diao LH; Illes P; Zahniser NR; Valen G; Tokuno S; Sommerschild H; Giménez-Llort L; Fernández-Teruel A; Escorihuela RM; Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z; Xu XJ; Hårdemark A; Herlenius E; Pekny S; Gebré-Medhin S; Brown R; Ollerstam A; Persson AEG; Skott O; Johansson B
Published conference paper: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 2002;62(5):1137-1146
Signaling pathway from the human adenosine A₃ receptor expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Thesis / dissertation: 2002
Adenosine receptor signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases
Schulte, Gunnar
Meeting abstract: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY. 2002;34(6):A59
A1 receptors mediate delayed remote preconditioning, possible involvement of MAPK
Sommershild HT; Fredholm BB; Schulte G; Jägerbrink T; Lövdahl C; Tokuno S; Valen G
Published conference paper: CELLULAR SIGNALLING. 2002;14(2):109-113
Diverse inhibitors of intracellular signalling act as adenosine receptor antagonists
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
Conference publication: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 2002;29(8):A88
In a model of delayed remote preconditioning the adenosine A1 receptor mediates protection, without change in MAP kinase signalling
Sommerschild HT; Schulte G; Tokuno S; Lövdahl C; Fredholm BB; Valen BB
Published conference paper: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH. 2001;52(1-2):274-282
Adenosine receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo
Fredholm BB; Arslan G; Halldner L; Kull B; Schulte G; Ådén U; Svenningsson P
Review: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 2000;362(4-5):364-374
Structure and function of adenosine receptors and their genes
Fredholm BB; Arslan G; Halldner L; Kull B; Schulte G; Wasserman W
Conference publication: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY. 1998;358(1):R123
Activation of protein kinase C increases NECA induced cyclic AMP production in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the human adenosine A_2A or A_2B receptor
Schulte G; Fredholm BB
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Grants

Integration of two concepts in WNT signalling: Signalosome formation and Frizzled conformational dynamics
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2023
Development of novel molecular tools for FZDs
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2022 - 31 December 2024
In silico prediction of small molecule ligands for class Frizzled GPCRs and investigation of the structural basis of FZD signalling
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2021 - 31 December 2024
Receptor pharmacology as a tool to develop new drugs
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2020 - 31 December 2024
Activation mechanisms of Class F GPCRs – from structural understanding to novel therapeutics
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2019 - 31 December 2021
WNT / Frizzled signals - a new target for cancer treatment
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2018
WNT/Frizzled communication as a druggable endocrine signalling system
Novo Nordisk Foundation
1 October 2017 - 1 October 2020
WNT / Frizzled signals - a new target for cancer treatment
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2017
The role of receptor complex composition and dynamics for signal specification and initiation in the WNT/Frizzled pathway
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1 January 2016 - 31 December 2020
Mechanisms of signal intitiation through Class Frizzled receptors
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2016 - 31 December 2019
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2016
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2015
Cell-cell communication in brain tumors is important for tumor induction, maintenance and spreading
Swedish Cancer Society
1 January 2014
Posttranslational modification of cell surface receptors as a means of defining signaling
Czech Science Foundation
2 January 2013 - 31 December 2015
Frizzleds - from receptor biology and pharmacology to a novel quaternary receptor model
Swedish Research Council
1 January 2012 - 31 December 2014
European WNT meeting 2010 "WNT Signaling in Physiology and Disease"
Swedish Research Council
1 July 2010 - 31 December 2010

Employments

Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 2017-

Degrees and Education

Docent, Karolinska Institutet, 2008
Doctor Of Philosophy, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 2002

About me

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