Division of Eye and vision

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well-described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolution of the OKR and the basic structures allowing visuo-vestibular integration. To analyze these neuronal pathways underlying visuo-vestibular integration, we developed a setup using a lamprey eye-brain-labyrinth preparation, which allowed coordinating electrophysiological recordings, vestibular stimulation with a moving platform, and visual stimulation via screens.

The short-term effect on foveal and peripheral vision of two multifocal contact lenses was measured; 1) the MiSight 1-day center-distance (CD) contact lens (treatment zones +2.00D, CooperVision) and 2) the Acuvue Moist 1-day center-near (CN) contact lens (high add +2.50D, Johnson & Johnson). In summary, MiSight contact lenses differed from spectacles with more astigmatism and coma, worsened peripheral low-contrast resolution acuity, and increased accommodative response. These differences may be the myopia control properties of the MiSight lens. It is noteworthy that the reduced peripheral low-contrast vision with the MiSight lenses was not because of a more myopic RPR, which is the common belief about the effect of these lenses.

The retinal explant model is a useful tool to explore resident neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation can be modulated and explored on a rapid timescale whilst maintaining a complex system of cell interactions. VPA can attenuate resident glial inflammation in the retina and is a useful tool to further explore inhibition of pro-inflammatory glia in neurodegenerative disease.

The study showed that 75% of infants born EPT, before 24 weeks of gestation, were affected by neurodevelopmental disorders during childhood and 88% had somatic disorders. The most common issues included asthma and childhood bronchopulmonary dysplasia, speech disorders, intellectual disabilities, failure to thrive, ADHD and ASD. Boys were more likely to have intellectual disabilities than girls. 

Do surgeries lead to an increased risk of heart attack?The simple answer is no. New study in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Among the exceedingly rare published patients with untreated primary uveal melanoma, 80–90% have developed metastases and their disease-specific survival seems to be shorter than treated patients. This could indicate that some metastases might be prevented by primary tumor treatment.

To assess the long-term prognosis for patients with iris melanomas and compare it with the prognosis for small choroidal melanomas.

 A combination of nicotinamide and pyruvate yielded significant short-term improvement in visual function, supporting prior experimental research suggesting a role for these agents in neuroprotection for individuals with glaucoma and confirming the need for long-term studies to establish their usefulness in slowing progression.

The recognition of associations may be the first step in the proposal to develop a framework for the surveillance of vision in patients with NIPLHIV. We recommend a study of the sample population to track the stability of these observations before general recommendations for clinical care.

Ökning av antalet kopior av kromosom 6 i Retinoblastom ökar risken för spridning av tumören utanför ögat. I ett samarbete mellan två amerikanska universitet och forskare från S:t Eriks Ögonsjukhus har man kartlagt hur antalet kopior av den korta armen av kromosom 6 korrelerar med risken för att Retinoblastom ska sprida sig utanför ögat.Gustav Stålhammar, specialistläkare i ögonsjukdomar och patologi, och docent vid Karolinska Institutet, var huvudansvarig för studien.

The similarities between horizontal and vertical Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans for the individual retinal layer thickness measurements in the macula was evaluated. The larger limit of agreement intervals seen for different layers and sectors suggests that the scan direction must be same for the follow-up OCT measurements and in clinical studies.

Retrograde degeneration of the eye’s retinal ganglion cells, causing visual loss and even blindness, is a feared consequence of optic pathway gliomas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a patient-friendly, high-resolution imaging technique enabling objective measurements of the integrity of the retinal ganglion cell layer.

Macula thickness and volumetric differences do exist in NIPLHIV. Practitioners should keep NIPLHIV under retinal morphometric surveillance because they live longer. Associations of cerebral atrophy with retinal morphology may be used to monitor cerebral atrophy in NIPLIV on ART.